Towards Bio-Hybrid Energy Harvesting in the Real-World: Pushing the Boundaries of Technologies and Strategies Using Bio-Electrochemical and Bio-Mechanical Processes

Sustainable, green energy harvesting has gained a considerable amount of attention over the last few decades and within its vast field resources, bio-energy harvesters have become promising. These appear in wide variety function either by directly generating with mechanisms similar to living organisms or indirectly extracting from organisms. Presently this new generation is fueling various low-power electronic devices while being extensively researched for large-scale applications. In review we concentrate on recent progresses three promising harvesters: microbial fuel cells, enzyme-based cells biomechanical harvesters. All these technologies are already used small-scale While hold immense potential industrial-scale production, both show promises becoming independent natural power sources wearable implantable many including humans. Herein, summarize basic principles technologies, outline their advancements estimate near future research trends.